WoRMS taxon details

Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856

939  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:939)

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  1. Subfamily Admetellinae Uschakov, 1977
    1. Genus Admetella McIntosh, 1885
    2. Genus Bathyadmetella Pettibone, 1967
  2. Subfamily Arctonoinae Hanley, 1989
    1. Genus Adyte Saint-Joseph, 1899
    2. Genus Arctonoe Chamberlin, 1920
    3. Genus Asterophilia Hanley, 1989
    4. Genus Australaugeneria Pettibone, 1969
    5. Genus Bathynoe Ditlevsen, 1917
    6. Genus Capitulatinoe Hanley & Burke, 1989
    7. Genus Disconatis Hanley & Burke, 1988
    8. Genus Gastrolepidia Schmarda, 1861
    9. Genus Medioantenna Imajima, 1997
    10. Genus Minusculisquama Pettibone, 1983
    11. Genus Neohololepidella Pettibone, 1969
    12. Genus Parabathynoe Pettibone, 1990
    13. Genus Parahololepidella Pettibone, 1969
    14. Genus Pottsiscalisetosus Pettibone, 1969
    15. Genus Showascalisetosus Imajima, 1997
    16. Genus Antipathipolyeunoa Pettibone, 1991 accepted as Parahololepidella Pettibone, 1969 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, subjective synonym)
    17. Genus Weberia Horst, 1915 accepted as Bathynoe Ditlevsen, 1917 (junior homonym)
  3. Subfamily Eulagiscinae Pettibone, 1997
    1. Genus Bathymoorea Pettibone, 1967
    2. Genus Eulagisca McIntosh, 1885
    3. Genus Kristianides Salazar-Silva, 2020
    4. Genus Pareulagisca Pettibone, 1997
    5. Genus Pollentia Capa, Pons & Jaume, 2022
  4. Subfamily Lepidastheniinae Pettibone, 1989
    1. Genus Alentiana Hartman, 1942
    2. Genus Anotochaetonoe Britayev & Martin, 2006
    3. Genus Benhamipolynoe Pettibone, 1970
    4. Genus Hyperhalosydna Augener, 1922
    5. Genus Lepidasthenia Malmgren, 1867
    6. Genus Lepidastheniella Monro, 1924
    7. Genus Lepidofimbria Hartman, 1967
    8. Genus Parahalosydna Horst, 1915
    9. Genus Perolepis Ehlers, 1908
    10. Genus Pseudopolynoe Day, 1962
    11. Genus Showapolynoe Imajima, 1997
    12. Genus Telolepidasthenia Augener & Pettibone, 1970
    13. Genus Bouchiria Wesenberg-Lund, 1949 accepted as Lepidasthenia Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
    14. Genus Harmopsides Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Lepidasthenia Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
    15. Genus Lucopia Pillai, 1965 accepted as Hyperhalosydna Augener, 1922 (subjective synonym)
    16. Genus Nectochaeta Marenzeller, 1892 accepted as Lepidasthenia Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym [type moved elsewhere])
  5. Subfamily Lepidonotinae Willey, 1902
    1. Genus Alentia Malmgren, 1865
    2. Genus Allmaniella McIntosh, 1885
    3. Genus Augenerilepidonotus Pettibone, 1995
    4. Genus Cervilia Frickhinger, 1916
    5. Genus Chaetacanthus Seidler, 1922
    6. Genus Dilepidonotus Hartman, 1967
    7. Genus Drieschiopsis Støp-Bowitz, 1991
    8. Genus Euphione McIntosh, 1885
    9. Genus Euphionella Monro, 1936
    10. Genus Halosydna Kinberg, 1856
    11. Genus Halosydnella Hartman, 1938
    12. Genus Halosydnopsis Uschakov & Wu, 1959
    13. Genus Hermenia Grube, 1856
    14. Genus Hermilepidonotus Uschakov, 1974
    15. Genus Heteralentia Hanley & Burke, 1991
    16. Genus Hololepida Moore, 1905
    17. Genus Lepidametria Webster, 1879
    18. Genus Lepidonopsis Pettibone, 1977
    19. Genus Lepidonotus Leach, 1816
    20. Genus Nonparahalosydna Uschakov, 1982
    21. Genus Olgalepidonotus Pettibone, 1995
    22. Genus Parahalosydnopsis Pettibone, 1977
    23. Genus Pseudohalosydna Fauvel, 1913
    24. Genus Sheila Monro, 1930
    25. Genus Telodrieschia Kirkegaard, 1995
    26. Genus Thormora Baird, 1865
    27. Genus Almaniella Darboux, 1899 accepted as Allmaniella McIntosh, 1885 (Lapsus for Allmaniella McIntosh)
    28. Genus Driechiopsis [auctt.] accepted as Drieschiopsis Støp-Bowitz, 1991 (misspelling)
    29. Genus Eumolpe Oken, 1807 accepted as Lepidonotus Leach, 1816 (nomen oblitum in relation to Lepidonotus, nomen protectum)
    30. Genus Lepidonote [auct. misspelling for Lepidonotus] accepted as Lepidonotus Leach, 1816 (genus misspelling)
    31. Genus Physalidonotus Ehlers, 1904 accepted as Euphione McIntosh, 1885 (subjective synonym)
    32. Genus Polinoe Risso, 1826 accepted as Lepidonotus Leach, 1816 (subjective synonymy of only species)
  6. Subfamily Lepidonotopodinae Pettibone, 1983
    1. Genus Bathykurila Pettibone, 1976
    2. Genus Branchinotogluma Pettibone, 1985
    3. Genus Branchiplicatus Pettibone, 1985
    4. Genus Branchipolynoe Pettibone, 1984
    5. Genus Lepidonotopodium Pettibone, 1983
    6. Genus Levensteiniella Pettibone, 1985
    7. Genus Peinaleopolynoe Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988
    8. Genus Thermopolynoe Miura, 1994
  7. Subfamily Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971
    1. Genus Abyssarya Bonifácio & Menot, 2018
    2. Genus Bathybahamas Pettibone, 1985
    3. Genus Bathycanadia Levenstein, 1981
    4. Genus Bathycatalina Pettibone, 1976
    5. Genus Bathyedithia Pettibone, 1976
    6. Genus Bathyeliasona Pettibone, 1976
    7. Genus Bathyfauvelia Pettibone, 1976
    8. Genus Bathykermadeca Pettibone, 1976
    9. Genus Bathylevensteina Pettibone, 1976
    10. Genus Bathymacella Pettibone, 1976
    11. Genus Bathymariana Levenstein, 1978
    12. Genus Bathymiranda Levenstein, 1981
    13. Genus Bathypolaria Levenstein, 1981
    14. Genus Bathytasmania Levenstein, 1982
    15. Genus Bathyvitiazia Pettibone, 1976
    16. Genus Bruunilla Hartman, 1971
    17. Genus Diplaconotum Loshamn, 1981
    18. Genus Gesiella Pettibone, 1976
    19. Genus Hodor Bonifácio & Menot, 2018
    20. Genus Macellicephala McIntosh, 1885
    21. Genus Macellicephaloides Uschakov, 1955
    22. Genus Macelloides Uschakov, 1957
    23. Genus Natopolynoe Pettibone, 1985
    24. Genus Nu Bonifácio & Menot, 2018
    25. Genus Pelagomacellicephala Pettibone, 1985
    26. Genus Polaruschakov Pettibone, 1976
    27. Genus Vampiropolynoe Marcus & Hourdez, 2002
    28. Genus Yodanoe Bonifácio & Menot, 2018
    29. Genus Austropolaria Neal, Barnich, Wiklund & Glover, 2012 accepted as Bathypolaria Levenstein, 1981 (subjective synonym)
    30. Genus Branchiopolynoe [auctt.] accepted as Branchipolynoe Pettibone, 1984 (misspelling for Branchipolynoe)
    31. Genus Macella Averincev, 1972 accepted as Bathymacella Pettibone, 1976 (junior homonym)
    32. Genus Oligolepis Levinsen, 1886 accepted as Macellicephala McIntosh, 1885 (junior homonym, type and only species referred to another genus)
    33. Genus Opisthotrochopodus Pettibone, 1985 accepted as Branchinotogluma Pettibone, 1985 (male morph subjective synonym)
    34. Genus Penaleopolynoe [auctt.] accepted as Peinaleopolynoe Desbruyères & Laubier, 1988 (misspelling for Peinaleopolynoe)
  8. Subfamily Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856
    1. Genus Acanthicolepis McIntosh, 1900
    2. Genus Acholoe Claparède, 1870
    3. Genus Antarctinoe Barnich, Fiege, Micaletto & Gambi, 2006
    4. Genus Antinoe Kinberg, 1856
    5. Genus Arcteobia Annenkova, 1937
    6. Genus Arctonoella Buzhinskaja, 1967
    7. Genus Australonoe Hanley, 1993
    8. Genus Austrolaenilla Bergström, 1916
    9. Genus Barnichia Salazar-Vallejo, 2024
    10. Genus Barrukia Bergström, 1916
    11. Genus Bathynotalia Levenstein, 1982
    12. Genus Bayerpolynoe Pettibone, 1991
    13. Genus Brychionoe Hanley & Burke, 1991
    14. Genus Bylgides Chamberlin, 1919
    15. Genus Ceuthonoe Wang, Zhou & Wang, 2021
    16. Genus Enipo Malmgren, 1865
    17. Genus Eucranta Malmgren, 1865
    18. Genus Eunoe Malmgren, 1865
    19. Genus Gattyana McIntosh, 1897
    20. Genus Gaudichaudius Pettibone, 1986
    21. Genus Gorekia Bergström, 1916
    22. Genus Gorgoniapolynoe Pettibone, 1991
    23. Genus Grubeopolynoe Pettibone, 1969
    24. Genus Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856
    25. Genus Hartmania Pettibone, 1955
    26. Genus Hemilepidia Schmarda, 1861
    27. Genus Hermadion Kinberg, 1856
    28. Genus Hermadionella Uschakov, 1982
    29. Genus Hesperonoe Chamberlin, 1919
    30. Genus Heteropolynoe Bidenkap, 1907
    31. Genus Hololepidella Willey, 1905
    32. Genus Intoshella Darboux, 1899
    33. Genus Kermadecella Darboux, 1899
    34. Genus Lagisca Malmgren, 1865
    35. Genus Leucia Malmgren, 1867
    36. Genus Lobopelma Hanley, 1987
    37. Genus Malmgrenia McIntosh, 1874
    38. Genus Malmgreniella Hartman, 1967
    39. Genus Melaenis Malmgren, 1865
    40. Genus Neobylgides Pettibone, 1993
    41. Genus Neolagisca Barnich & Fiege, 2000
    42. Genus Neopolynoe Loshamn, 1981
    43. Genus Paradyte Pettibone, 1969
    44. Genus Paragattyana Pettibone, 1993
    45. Genus Paralentia Uschakov, 1982
    46. Genus Paralepidonotus Horst, 1915
    47. Genus Pararctonoella Pettibone, 1996
    48. Genus Pettibonesia Nemésio, 2006
    49. Genus Polyeunoa McIntosh, 1885
    50. Genus Polynoe Lamarck, 1818
    51. Genus Robertianella McIntosh, 1885
    52. Genus Rullieriella Pettibone, 1993
    53. Genus Russellhanleya Barnich, Fiege & Sun, 2004
    54. Genus Scalisetosus McIntosh, 1885
    55. Genus Subadyte Pettibone, 1969
    56. Genus Tenonia Nichols, 1969
    57. Genus Tottonpolynoe Pettibone, 1991
    58. Genus Verrucapelma Hanley & Burke, 1991
    59. Genus Webbnesia Núñez, Barnich & Monterroso, 2022
    60. Genus Ysideria Ruff, 1995
    61. Genus Andresia Prenant, 1924 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonym, unreplaced junior homonym)
    62. Genus Antinoana Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 accepted as Bylgides Chamberlin, 1919 (subjective synonym)
    63. Genus Antinoella Augener, 1928 accepted as Bylgides Chamberlin, 1919 (superseded subsequent rank of subjective synonym)
    64. Genus Bylgia Théel, 1879 accepted as Bylgides Chamberlin, 1919 (synonym)
    65. Genus Dasylepis Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Acanthicolepis McIntosh, 1900 (replaced homonym)
    66. Genus Eunoa [auctt. misspelling for Eunoe] accepted as Eunoe Malmgren, 1865 (incorrect subsequent spelling)
    67. Genus Eupolynoe Bidenkap, 1895 accepted as Neopolynoe Loshamn, 1981 (junior homonym, replaced by Neopolynoe)
    68. Genus Evarne Malmgren, 1865 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (Homonym, replacement Evarnella a synonym)
    69. Genus Evarnella Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonym)
    70. Genus Laenilla Malmgren, 1865 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonym, in part at least in Harmothoe)
    71. Genus Monocolea Costa, 1862 accepted as Malmgrenia McIntosh, 1874 (subjective synonymy of only species)
    72. Genus Nemidia Malmgren, 1865 accepted as Enipo Malmgren, 1865 (subjective synonym)
    73. Genus Nychia Malmgren, 1865 accepted as Gattyana McIntosh, 1897 (replaced junior homonym)
    74. Genus Paranychia Czerniavsky, 1882 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonym)
    75. Genus Parapolynoe Czerniavsky, 1882 accepted as Polynoe Lamarck, 1818 (subjective synonymy of only species)
    76. Genus Parmenis Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Malmgrenia McIntosh, 1874 (subjective synonym)
    77. Genus Polyeunoe [auct. misspelling] accepted as Polyeunoa McIntosh, 1885 (lapsus)
    78. Genus Polynoa [subsequent misspelling of Polynoe] accepted as Polynoe Lamarck, 1818 (spelling variant used by Carrington & others)
    79. Genus Tricosmochaeta Morgera, 1918 accepted as Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonymy of only species)
    80. Genus Wilsoniella Pettibone, 1993 accepted as Pettibonesia Nemésio, 2006 (replaced junior homonym)
  9. Subfamily Uncopolynoinae Wehe, 2006
    1. Genus Uncopolynoe Hartmann-Schröder, 1960
  10. Subfamily Acholoinae Pettibone, 1996 accepted as Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856 (subjective synonym)
  11. Subfamily Bathyedithinae Pettibone, 1976 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  12. Subfamily Bathymacellinae Pettibone, 1976 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  13. Subfamily Branchinotogluminae Pettibone, 1985 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  14. Subfamily Branchiplicatinae Pettibone, 1985 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  15. Subfamily Branchipolynoinae Pettibone, 1984 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  16. Subfamily Gesiellinae Muir, 1982 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  17. Subfamily Harmothoinae Willey, 1902 accepted as Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856 (junior synonym)
  18. Subfamily Macellicephaloidinae Pettibone, 1976 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  19. Subfamily Macelloidinae Pettibone, 1976 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  20. Subfamily Polaruschakovinae Pettibone, 1976 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  21. Subfamily Vampiropolynoinae Marcus & Hourdez, 2002 accepted as Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 (subjective synonym)
  22. Subfamily Polynoidae incertae sedis (temporary name)
    1. Genus Bathyhololepidella Buzhinskaja, 1992
    2. Genus Benhamisetosus Averincev, 1978
    3. Genus Drieschella Augener & Pettibone, 1970
    4. Genus Lepidogyra Hartman, 1967
    5. Genus Ophthalmonoe Petersen & Britayev, 1997
    6. Genus Parapolyeunoa Barnich, Gambi & Fiege, 2012
    7. Genus Phyllantinoe McIntosh, 1876
    8. Genus Phyllohartmania Pettibone, 1961
    9. Genus Phyllosheila Pettibone, 1961
    10. Genus Podarmus Chamberlin, 1919
    11. Genus Polynoella McIntosh, 1885
    12. Genus Eupolynoe McIntosh, 1874 accepted as Arcteobia Annenkova, 1937 (superseded recombination of type species)
    13. Genus Hylosynda [Auct. genus misspelling] accepted as Halosydna Kinberg, 1856 (misspelling in Moore, 1903 for Halosydna Kinberg)
    14. Genus Plotolepis Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Drieschia Michaelsen, 1892 (subjective synonym)
    15. Genus Chaetosphaera Häcker, 1898 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, established for 2 larval forms)
    16. Genus Drieschia Michaelsen, 1892 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, See note for the type species, Drieschia pelagica Michaelsen, 1892, based on a larval form )
    17. Genus Eumolphe Risso, 1826 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, indeterminable; insufficiently described)
    18. Genus Frennia Viguier, 1912 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, indeterminable; insufficiently described)
    19. Genus Herdmanella Darboux, 1899 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    20. Genus Polynoina Nolte, 1936 (uncertain > nomen dubium, indeterminable larval form)
    21. Genus Quetieria Viguier, 1911 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, based on a larval scaleworm)
    22. Genus Sinantenna Hartmann-Schröder, 1974 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
Kinberg, J.G.H. (1856). Nya slägten och arter af Annelider, Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhhandlingar Stockholm, 12 (9-10), 381-388 [read 1855; printed 1856]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15970133
page(s): 383 [as family Polynoina] [details] 
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=939 on 2024-11-22
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
2007-01-18 14:44:44Z
changed
2008-03-26 11:36:43Z
changed
2012-09-19 03:31:54Z
changed
2013-11-17 03:35:09Z
changed
2014-07-02 10:50:40Z
changed

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Kinberg, J.G.H. (1856). Nya slägten och arter af Annelider, Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhhandlingar Stockholm, 12 (9-10), 381-388 [read 1855; printed 1856]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15970133
page(s): 383 [as family Polynoina] [details] 

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Barnich, Ruth; Fiege, Dieter. (2003). The Aphroditoidea (Annelida: Polychaeta) of the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 559: 1-167., available online at http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510613533/The-Aphroditoidea-Annelida-Polychaeta-of-the-Mediterranean-Sea [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Malmgren, A.J. (1867). Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiæ, Grœnlandiæ, Islandiæ et Scandinaviæ. Hactenus Cognita. Ex Officina Frenckelliana, Helsingforslæ. 127 pp. & XIV plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13358
page(s): 4 [details] 

additional source Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details] 

additional source Wehe, Thomas. (2006). Revision of the scale worms (Polychaeta:Aphroditoidea) occurring in the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula. Part I: Polynoidae. <i>Fauna of Arabia</i>. 22: 23–197. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

identification resource Barnich, Ruth. (2011). Identification of scale worms in British and Irish waters. NMBAQC 2010 taxonomic workshop, Dove Marine Laboratory. 52 pp., available online at http://www.nmbaqcs.org/scheme-components/invertebrates/literature-and-taxonomic-keys/identification-of-scale-worms.aspx [details] 

identification resource Chambers, S.J. & Muir, A.I. (1997). Polychaetes: British Chrysopetaloidea, Pisionoidea and Aphroditoidea. <em>Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series).</em> 54: 1-202. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 67 [details] 

identification resource Pettibone, Marian H. 1969. Review of some species referred to Scalisetosus McIntosh (Polychaeta, Polynoidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82: 1-30., available online at http://hdl.handle.net/10088/3412 [details] 

identification resource Barnich, R.; Gambi, M. C.; Fiege, D. (2012). Revision of the genus <em>Polyeunoa</em> McIntosh, 1885 (Polychaeta, Polynoidae). <i>Zootaxa</i>. 3523: 25-38., available online at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2012/3523.html [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Authority Malmgren (1867:4) may have been the first to use the "Polynoidae" spelling, but he cites Kinberg's (1856) family "Polynoina" which seems sufficient indication to credit Kinberg with the authorship of the family. [details]

Classification Remarkable for the number of small subfamilies which have been erected. The total is twenty one, or twenty two including the nominal subfamily (Polynoinae), and Hanley (1989) lists 17 to that date. As an example Pettibone (1985) had established subfamily Branchinotogluminae for a single new genus Branchinotogluma with three new species, and earlier (1976) she had created five new subfamilies (Macellicephaloidinae, Macelloidinae, Bathyedithinae, Polaruschakovinae, Bathymacellinae). She has created 12 subfamilies in Polynoidae. The latest subfamily is Uncopolynoinae Wehe, 2006, for one genus, with one species imperfectly known. The validity of all these subfamilies needs re-evaluation.

Polynoidae sub-families in chronological order (updated from Hanley, 1989)

Polynoinae Kinberg, 1856 [nominal]
Iphioninae Baird 1865
Lepidonotinae Willey 1902
Harmothoinae Willey 1902 [= Polynoinae Kinberg]
Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schroder 1971
Bathyedithinae Pettibone 1976
Polaruschakovinae Pettibone 1976
Macelloidinae Pettibone 1976
Macellicephaloidinae Pettibone 1976
Bathymacellinae Pettibone 1976
Admetellinae Uschakov 1977
Polyodontinae Muir 1982 [= family Acoetidae]
Gesiellinae Muir 1982
Lepidonotopodinae Pettibone 1983
Branchipolynoinae Pettibone 1984
Branchiplicatinae Pettibone 1985a
Branchinotogluminae Pettibone 1985b
Lepidastheniinae Pettibone 1989
Acholoinae Pettibone, 1996 [= Polynoinae Kinberg]
Eulagiscinae Pettibone, 1997
Vampiropolynoinae Marcus & Hourdez, 2002
Uncopolynoinae Wehe, 2006
 [details]
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LanguageName 
Dutch zeerupsen  [details]
English scalewormspolynoids  [details]
German Schuppenwürmer  [details]
Japanese ウロコムシ科  [details]