Hydrodynamics

The Scheldt estuary, which is subject to tides, is 160 km long and runs through the Netherlands and Belgium, from the estuary to the sluices in Ghent. The watershed of the Scheldt with its tributaries including the Rupel, Durme, Dender, and Leie has an area of 21,000 km² and carries fresh water towards the North Sea.

Under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors, the hydrodynamics of the Scheldt system can vary greatly. Different aspects of hydrodynamics, such as the amount of water flowing in and out of the Scheldt daily and the flow velocity, largely determine the physical-chemical condition and the morphological changes of this system. They are also important for, among other things, shipping and safety. In terms of accessibility, safety, and naturalness, there is careful monitoring of water levels and tides, wave action (from wind and ships), and water management throughout the entire watershed. Furthermore, considerable research is conducted to assess the impacts of rising sea levels (due to climate change) and flooding risk (due to extreme tides or large amounts of precipitation).

Recent studies highlight the increasing urgency of these issues, partly due to climate change. According to a recent report from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), sea level rise is occurring faster than previously predicted, underscoring the need for adjustments in the current Sigma Plan. The frequency of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and storm surges, is also increasing, leading to a higher risk of flooding.

Insights gained from monitoring and research are used to shape the management of the estuary, as well as in the evaluation and development of the Sigma Plan for Flanders, the Nature Package Western Scheldt, and the Delta Program for the Netherlands.